Fuzzy engineering expert systems with neural network applications

The definition of human intelligence has always been elusive. Despite years of research, scientists are still unable to describe accurately the reasoning process of the human brain. Scientific models have been used to describe the human reasoning process. Even though such models are never foolproof, they turn out to be suitable for most practical analyses of human intelligence. As new discoveries are made about the human brain, the descriptive models change to accommodate the new findings. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the combined attempt of mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists to develop computers that perform acts normally associated with human intelligence. Since the term was coined by John McCarthy in the mid-1950s, artificial intelligence has undergone a remarkable transition from an object of research curiosity to a practical tool